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Terms You Should Know about Gastrointestinal Tract Absorption: The process of passing of nutrients from the intestine into the blood stream. Anus: Opening at the end of the rectum that allows solid waste to be eliminated Colon: The large intestine. Digestion: The process of breaking down of food into its simple chemical compounds so that it can be absorbed. Duodenum: The first portion of the small intestine. Ileum: The last portion of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.