VillageCounseling.net
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Village Counseling Center - Family & Marriage Counseling in Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo, Santa Maria
Description
The MMPI-2 is a true false paper and pencil questionnaire that has 556 questions like "I worry about sex matters", or "I believe I am being plotted against". The test is not timed and can take anywhere from one to three hours to complete. The original MMPI was developed in the 1950's and was recognized as a breakthrough in objective psychological assessment. The MMPI and the revised MMPI-2 are by far the most widely used questionnaires in psychological assessment. Their principle focus is on identifying pathological illness, disorders and problems. The MMPI does not identify a subject's strengths and abilities. A tremendous amount of research has been conducted on the MMPI and MMPI-2. The MMPI and MMPI-2 has been described as the most successful failures in the history of psychological test construction. The scales and questions selected for the MMPI are based on test construction and validation procedures that failed their objectives. The MMPI does not and never did what it was intended or designed to do. But despite the failure, the developers and psychological community discovered other very useful applications for the MMPI. And while there are many questionnaires in psychology that are superior in their construction and design, the shear volume of research on the MMPI makes the MMPI-2 mandatory in virtually all psychological testing for purposes of clinical diagnosis. The MMPI has been described as "the big dog in psychology, but not the smartest or easiest to own." Interpreting the MMPI and MMPI-2 requires a great deal of expertise and experience. Specialized and supervised training is recommended before using these questionnaires. Use of the MMPI or MMPI-2 and interpretation without training or without proper consideration of social, cultural, medical and other psychological data is probably negligent. There is significant debate in the psychological community and evidence that the MMPI and MMPI-2 is not valid across cultural, ethnic and language barriers. Many argue the questionnaire is valid for people who are English speaking people of European descent. The attitude of the person taking the MMPI or MMPI-2 and circumstance in which the questionnaires are given can have a significant impact on the results.
The MCMI-II is a true false paper and pencil questionnaire that has 175 questions. The test is not timed and can take anywhere from one to two and a half hours to complete. The original MCMI was developed in the 1970's and was constructed with scales that represented personality disorders contained in the Third Edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). The original MCMI was highly controversial and the developers refused to release the statistical and scoring criteria upon which the test was based. Professionals had difficulty using and trusting the instrument. The new version was released in 1987 and was based on the the revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IIIR). The MCMI-II approximates but does not represent the current DSM-IV personality disorders. The MCMI-II is used widely used in psychological assessments that seek to understand and diagnose enduring personality characteristics and to screen for other symptoms. A fair amount of research has been conducted on the MCMI and MCMI-II. Much more research is necessary before the questionnaire will prove itself to be reliable and valid. One principle concern in using the MCMI is the relationship to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM is derived and based on a political semi-democratic consensus of professionals. The DSM has been highly controversial and many professionals have argued the DSM is collection of sexist and biased theories. Some feel the primary purpose is to serve insurance companies and health care determine what they will or will not cover. Some professionals have identified disorders of personality and mental illness that are politically correct yet ignore scientific evidence. There is significant debate in the psychological community as well as evidence that the MCMI-2 is not valid across cultural, ethnic and language barriers. The questionnaire appears to be most valid for people who are English speaking and of European descent. The attitude of the person taking the MCMI or MCMI-2 and circumstance in which the questionnaires are given can have a significant impact on the validity of the results.
The 16 Personal Factor Questionnaire (16PF) a multiple choice paper and pencil questionnaire. There are several versions of the test which lend themselves to different clinical, personality and organizational applications. The test is not timed and can take anywhere from 45 minutes to one and a half hours to complete. The 16PF was developed in the 1950 and was constructed with scales that rare very useful in understanding the normal dimensions of personality, the similarities and the differences between individuals and groups. The construction of the 16PF is based on factor analytic principles and personality theory and was the first questionnaire that represented a scientific description of human personality. In the 1950's there were no computers or software programs capable of performing a thorough factor analysis and as a result a number of the factor developed have no use. Despite this problem, the 16PF does do what it was intended to do and does so in a very reliable and useful manner. The 16PF has been researched extensively and is quite possibly the second most researched objective instrument next to the MMPI. The 16PF has been used widely used in psychological assessments that seek to understand the more normal aspects of personality and to clarify the expression of any clinical disorders. A fair amount of research has been conducted on the 16PF. Much more research is necessary before the questionnaire will prove itself to be reliable and valid. There is significant experience in the psychological community as well as evidence that the 16PF has some validity across cultural and ethnic. In fact the instrument appears to discern differences that exist is a good sign. The questionnaire appears to be most valid for people who are English speaking and of European descent. The attitude of the person taking the 16PF and circumstance in which the questionnaires are given can have a significant impact on the validity of the results. The instrument is sensitive and is able to detect whether a person is faking in such as way as to present their self as much better or much worse than they truly are.
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